Elderberries are known to be a rich source of flavonoids, especially anthocyanins, which give the fruit its characteristic dark purple color. Other flavonoids include quercetin, kaempferol and beta-carotene and the berries also contain phenolic acids, tannins and essential oils. Elderberries are rich in potassium and a good source of calcium, iron, phosphorus and vitamin C

Inulin is a soluble dietary fiber (carbohydrate), and because of the β–(2←1) configuration of the fructosyl-fructose glycosidic linkages, it is resistant to digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Once it reaches the colon it is fermented by the gut microflora and helps in the metabolism of compounds, mainly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which promote health benefits.

Lo han guo’s extremely sweet taste is attributed to its high content of mogrosides, especially mogroside V. Mogrosides are a group of terpene glycosides known to be 250 times sweeter than sucrose, and are numbered I to V according to their level of sweetness, with mogroside V being the sweetest. Lo han guo is also rich in polyphenols like siraitiflavandiol, and contains vitamins A and C, iron, potassium, calcium and 18 amino acids.

Noni fruit is a rich source of carbohydrates, especially polysaccharides, as well as containing abundant phytonutrients like iridoids, flavonoids, scopoletin, anthraquinones, lignans and phytosterols like beta-sitosterol. It is also rich in iron, a good source of dietary fiber, and contains moderate amounts of potassium, calcium, manganese, selenium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin C and amino acids.

Traditionally used as an adaptogen, Panax ginseng’s primary bioactive compounds are ginsenosides (triterpene saponins), of which about 50 types have been identified. It also contains phytonutrients such as polyactylene compounds, triterpenoids and phytosterols. Panax ginseng is a good source of polysaccharides and several B vitamins, and contains vitamin C and E, choline, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, phosphorous, and zinc.

Used as a non-nutritive sweetener, stevia contains minimal calories. Its sweet taste is derived from steviol glycosides (mainly stevioside and rebaudioside), which are 50–300 times sweeter than regular sugar. Stevia's taste has a slower onset and longer duration than that of sugar